75 min
Prepositions
1 topic
2 task
WHY DO WE EVEN
NEED THIS TOPIC?
NEED THIS TOPIC?
English prepositions can coincide with the corresponding Russian ones:
Or not coincide in the most meaningless way:
We can't cover everything in one mission, but we can point out some typically tricky things for a Russian speaker.
- spend money on — тратить деньги на
- save from — спасти от
Or not coincide in the most meaningless way:
- wait for — ждать
- depend on — зависеть от
- consist of — состоять из
We can't cover everything in one mission, but we can point out some typically tricky things for a Russian speaker.
1.
2.
OUT OF (RESPECT) –
ИЗ (УВАЖЕНИЯ)
ИЗ (УВАЖЕНИЯ)
Exactly: OUT OF could mean ИЗ not only literally (OUT OF THE BOX — ИЗ КОРОБКИ), but also to indicate the attitude that caused the action.
- Don’t blame me. I did it out of love.
- She only agreed to see him out of curiosity.
More examples:
- OUT OF MERCY
- OUT OF SENTIMENT
- OUT OF HATRED
- OUT OF ANGER
- OUT OF FEAR
- OUT OF JEALOUSY
3.
NICE OF YOU — МИЛО С ВАШЕЙ СТОРОНЫ
This structure could involve practically any adjective followed by an infinitive.
A literal Russian translation of those usually sounds awkward.
A literal Russian translation of those usually sounds awkward.
- It was practical of you to take an extra blanket. — "С твоей стороны было практично взять запасное одеяло".
- It was very kind of you to invite us. — "С вашей стороны было добрым пригласить нас".
The same structure is used to express typical or characteristic features of something or someone. In Russian, we tend to use ДЛЯ for that:
- It’s typical of her to be late. — Для неё типично опаздывать.
- It’s characteristic of France. — Это характерно для Франции.
Other examples:
- STUPID OF YOU
- MEAN OF YOU
- STRANGE OF YOU
- THOUGHTFUL OF YOU
- SMART OF YOU
- WISE OF YOU
4.
BY / ON / IN
for means of transport
for means of transport
The basics:
Now, here's the thing: if you add an article or a possessive / demonstrative pronoun (THIS / MY, etc.), or something else to it, you will have to replace BY with ON or IN.
- BY BIKE / CAR / BUS / TRAIN / PLANE, etc.
- and ON FOOT, of course.
Now, here's the thing: if you add an article or a possessive / demonstrative pronoun (THIS / MY, etc.), or something else to it, you will have to replace BY with ON or IN.
IN
Cars and taxis: IN
BY CAR — IN THIS CAR / IN A BIG CAR
BY TAXI — IN THE TAXI / IN A CHEAP TAXI
BY CAR — IN THIS CAR / IN A BIG CAR
BY TAXI — IN THE TAXI / IN A CHEAP TAXI
ON
Other transport: ON
BY BUS — ON THIS BUS / ON A BIG BUS
BY TRAIN — ON THE MORNING TRAIN / ON A FAST TRAIN
BY PLANE — ON THE PLANE / ON AN OLD PLANE
Btw, in this case, ON can be used even when we use B in Russian:
I seem to have left my umbrella on the bus. — Кажется, я забыл зонтик в автобусе.
BY BUS — ON THIS BUS / ON A BIG BUS
BY TRAIN — ON THE MORNING TRAIN / ON A FAST TRAIN
BY PLANE — ON THE PLANE / ON AN OLD PLANE
Btw, in this case, ON can be used even when we use B in Russian:
I seem to have left my umbrella on the bus. — Кажется, я забыл зонтик в автобусе.
5.
IN = НА
Now, the most interesting bit. IN = НА.
- IN/AT a concert — НА концерте
- IN/AT a conference — НА конференции
- IN/AT a meeting — НА встрече, НА собрании
- IN/AT a seminar — НА семинаре
- IN/AT a lecture — НА лекции
- IN class — НА занятии
- IN my first/second, etc. year — НА первом/втором и т. п. курсе
- IN English — НА английском языке (или любом другом языке)
- IN a picture/photo — НА картине/фотографии
- IN orbit — НА орбите
- IN place — НА месте
- IN public — НА публике, НА людях
- IN the north/south/east/west — НА севере/юге/востоке/западе
- IN the sun — НА солнце (кстати, IN the rain — под дождём)
- IN Heaven — НА небесах
- IN the streets — НА улицах
- IN the tree — НА дереве
- IN the/my way — НА пути, под ногами (о препятствии)
- IN touch — НА связи
- IN half/IN two — НА две части
- IN the first/second, etc. gear — НА первой/второй и т. п. передаче (в машине)
ON = В
Anything that's ONline is used with ON:
В путешествии – ON as well:
And others:
And two expressions close in meaning but with different prepositions:
- ON the internet / ON the web
- ON Google
- ON Vk
- ON YouTube
- ON the chat
- ON Skype
В путешествии – ON as well:
- ON an expedition – В экспедиции
- ON a journey – В дороге, В пути
- ON a trip – В поездке
- ON a voyage – В морском путешествии
- ON the move – В движении, В разъездах
- ON the/my way – по дороге, В пути
- ON tour – В туре, В турне
And others:
- ON fire – В огне
- ON sale – В продаже
- ON time – вовремя, В назначенное время
- ON a ward – В (больничной) палате
- ON a big/an industrial scale – В больших/промышленных масштабах
- ON account – В рассрочку
- ON credit – В кредит
- ON holiday – В отпуске
- ON vacation – В отпуске (AmE)
- ON leave – В отпуске/В увольнении (для военных)
- ON the list – В списке
- ON the menu – В меню
- ON the air – В эфире
- ON the news – В новостях (по радио или по телевизору)
- ON the whole – В общем и целом
- ON average – В среднем
And two expressions close in meaning but with different prepositions:
- IN the suburbs / ON the outskirts – В пригороде, НА окраине, НА задворках
END OF THE GUIDE
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Hit the test to reinforce what you’ve learned.
