45 мин
Present
Simple
Simple
1 тема
3 задания
1.
Для чего оно нужно?
Чтобы рассказать о том, что происходит:
1) РЕГУЛЯРНО (возможно, каждый день):
2) ПОСТОЯННО, без перерыва. "По жизни":
Слушайте и повторяйте:
1) РЕГУЛЯРНО (возможно, каждый день):
- I go to school every day. – Я хожу в школу каждый день.
2) ПОСТОЯННО, без перерыва. "По жизни":
- I like reading books. – Я люблю читать книги.
Слушайте и повторяйте:
2.
Как его образовать?
Элементарно:
V / Vs
глагол в исходной форме / глагол с окончанием -s
глагол в исходной форме / глагол с окончанием -s
Окончание -s добавляется только с HE, SHE, IT, то есть в форме 3-го лица ед. ч.
Проще говоря, когда нужно сказать "что делает":
I play. – Я играю.
You play. – Ты играешь.
He / She / It playS. – Он / Она / Оно играет.
We play. – Мы играем.
You play. – Вы играете.
They play. – Они играют.
КАК ОБРАЗУЮТСЯ И ПРОИЗНОСЯТСЯ ФОРМЫ С ОКОНЧАНИЕМ -S?
3.
Есть и исключения:
- have – has [hæz] ("имеет", или как вспомогательный глагол)
- do – does [dʌz] ("делает", или как вспомогательный глагол)
- go – goes [goʊz] ("идёт", "едет")
- say – says [sez] ("говорит")
Слушайте и повторяйте:
2.
Present Continuous
1) For any continuous form we need two components: duration + moment.
The Present Continuous is used to indicate that the action is taking place right now:
2) ... or precisely today, or this very week, this very month, etc:
The Present Continuous is used to indicate that the action is taking place right now:
- I'm speaking English now. — (right now)
2) ... or precisely today, or this very week, this very month, etc:
- She is reading Shakespeare this week. — (this very week)
NB!
To use the Present Continuous, you don’t need to have words like now, today, etc in the sentence. They could be merely implied.
- I'm speaking English. — (probably now or today)
- She is reading Shakespeare. — (now, today, this month, etc)
3.
Present Simple
Present Simple — действие, которое происходит всегда или регулярно:
Либо никогда, если есть отрицание:
Короче, Present Simple — это действие «по жизни».
- We always meet on Sundays. — Мы встречаемся каждое воскресенье.
- He sometimes drinks tea. — Он иногда пьёт чай.
Либо никогда, если есть отрицание:
- I don’t smoke. — Я не курю.
- I never talk to strangers. — Я никогда не говорю с незнакомцами.
Короче, Present Simple — это действие «по жизни».
NB!
Привычные предложения, построенные на связках типа:
(хоть структурно и похожи на континьес).
- I am a student – это тоже Present Simple.
(хоть структурно и похожи на континьес).
3.
Present Simple
The Present Simple refers to a perpetual or regular action:
Or a never-occurring action if the sentence is negative:
So, the Present Simple is an action 'as it is'.
- We always meet on Sundays.
- He sometimes drinks tea.
Or a never-occurring action if the sentence is negative:
- I don’t smoke.
- I never talk to strangers.
So, the Present Simple is an action 'as it is'.
NB!
Conventional sentences based on auxiliaries like...
...are also the Present Simple.
(although they resemble the Present Continuous structure-wise)
- I am a student
...are also the Present Simple.
(although they resemble the Present Continuous structure-wise)
4.
Важный момент
Есть специальные глаголы — «стативные» или «глаголы состояния».
Они не выражают активного действия и не предполагают временности. И как раз поэтому не используются в Continuous.
Примеры таких глаголов:
Они не выражают активного действия и не предполагают временности. И как раз поэтому не используются в Continuous.
Примеры таких глаголов:
NB!
Некоторые примеры выше могут и не быть глаголами состояния. Тут все зависит от конкретного значения.
- I think San Diego is a great place to live. («имею мнение» — глагол состояния)
- Please be quiet. I’m thinking. («размышляю» — НЕ глагол состояния)
- I see her. («вижу» — глагол состояния)
- I’m seeing her tomorrow. («вижусь», «встречаюсь» — НЕ глагол состояния)
4.
An important point
There’s a special group of 'stative' verbs.
They do not express a real action and do not imply temporariness, which is why they are not used in the Continuous.
Some examples include:
They do not express a real action and do not imply temporariness, which is why they are not used in the Continuous.
Some examples include:
NB!
Some of the examples above may not be purely stative verbs. That depends on the specific meaning.
- I think San Diego is a great place to live. ("= suppose" - stative verb)
- Please be quiet. I'm thinking. ("= am contemplating" - NOT a stative verb)
- I see her. ("can see" - stative verb)
- I'm seeing her tomorrow. ("am meeting" - NOT a stative verb)
5.
ПРОИЗНОШЕНИЕ ОКОНЧАНИЯ -ING
Как вы все прекрасно знаете, в окончании ING не следует читать букву G. И тем более не следует с особым цинизмом читать какой-нибудь «running» как «ранинК».
Любое окончание, содержащее NG, читается c носовой согласной /ŋ/. Просто направьте эту n себе в переносицу. Runniŋ, driviŋ, readiŋ.
Точно так же прочтите SONG, LONG, SINGER — всё через ŋ.
Любое окончание, содержащее NG, читается c носовой согласной /ŋ/. Просто направьте эту n себе в переносицу. Runniŋ, driviŋ, readiŋ.
Точно так же прочтите SONG, LONG, SINGER — всё через ŋ.
Примечание:
Вы можете услышать кучу носителей, произносящих G в ING и подобных ему окончаниях.
Правда заключается в том, что выпирающая G по-прежнему может служить маркером просторечия и необразованности — вспомните Форрест Гампа, например.
На правах изучающего неродной язык проявите благоразумие.
Правда заключается в том, что выпирающая G по-прежнему может служить маркером просторечия и необразованности — вспомните Форрест Гампа, например.
На правах изучающего неродной язык проявите благоразумие.
5.
HOW TO PRONOUNCE -ING
As you know good and well, we don't sound the G in -ING. And God forbid you pronounce something like "running" as "runninK".
The NG combination is pronounced as the nasal /ŋ/.
Just point your n at your nose bridge. Runniŋ, driviŋ, readiŋ.
That's how you pronounce SONG, LONG, SINGER, etc – with an /ŋ/.
The NG combination is pronounced as the nasal /ŋ/.
Just point your n at your nose bridge. Runniŋ, driviŋ, readiŋ.
That's how you pronounce SONG, LONG, SINGER, etc – with an /ŋ/.
Note that:
You may hear some natives pronounce the G in NG.
The truth is, this protruding G may be an indicator of low style and/or illiteracy – take Forrest Gump, for example.
As a foreign language learner, show some prudence.
The truth is, this protruding G may be an indicator of low style and/or illiteracy – take Forrest Gump, for example.
As a foreign language learner, show some prudence.
6.
И Present Simple, и Present Continuous (как и русское настоящее) может указывать на будущее.
Present Simple указывает на расписание:
Present Continuous указывает на личные планы:
Present Simple указывает на расписание:
- The film starts at 7. — Фильм начинается в 7.
Present Continuous указывает на личные планы:
- He’s visiting his grandma tomorrow. — Завтра он навещает бабушку.
6.
Both the Present Simple, and the Present Continuous (like the Russian Present tense) may refer to the future.
Present Simple indicates a timetable:
Present Continuous indicates one's personal plans:
Present Simple indicates a timetable:
- The film starts at 7.
Present Continuous indicates one's personal plans:
- He's visiting his grandma tomorrow.
Over to you!
NOW TEST YOURSELF
Present Simple VS Present Continuous
What ___ you reading?
Think again.
Spot-on!
Oops!
Seriously?
We ___ not really like them.
We won't tell anyone.
= We are not similar to them. Exactly.
Precisely! And they don't like us.
You're kidding, right?
She ___ not know any languages.
Don't be silly.
"DOESN'T NOT"? Is that what you mean?
Add -S, please.
Well done!
Why ___ everyone smiling? Your fly's undone!
Absolutely! Have yourself some cake.
Wrong. Everyone is called everyONE for a reason.
No, 'do' does not agree with 'smiling'.
Uh oh. 'Smiling', Carl!
____ your father know any popular songs?
Of course not. There's no ING.
Not really, no.
Does 'third person singular' mean anything to you?
Oh yes, he does!
They __________ a letter.
There's no E in 'writing'.
Correct!
Yes!
You don't need a double 't'.
Does he ever _________ in the shower?
Fair enough.
Come on, it's Present Simple. Where does the ING come from?
There's no such form. But looks cool, doesn't it?
No, you've already got an 's' in 'does'.
Why ______________ at me?
What tense is that supposed to be?
What tense is that supposed to be?
Warm, but not quite there yet.
Relax, no one is looking at you.
What __________________?
Aye, my lord! Aye, my lady!
That's right, you can contract the auxiliary.
Plural.
That sounds like 'what are their jobs?' Also, you don't need another question mark.
This soup _____________ too much salt.
No, that's a stative verb.
A stative verb.
Congratulations!
Come on, it's not even a verb.
They _______________ in France.
Quite right, temporarily.
Yes, permanently.
Sure. But they're planning to move somewhere else.
True. They're living in Russia instead.
Which one(s) is/are wrong?
It's probably wrong to be smelling your feet but grammatically it's fine.
No, this one is fine. A stative verb.
Another stative verb.
You bet! It smells funny, it really does.
Are you sure you've read the text above?
Do it over ASAP.
Not so bad.
But not so good either.
We are proud of you.
But there's still room for improvement.
Fabulous!
Keep it up!
Конец справки
Не расслабляйтесь — на очереди контрольные задания.
Cкорее переходите к тесту, нужно закрепить изученное.
Cкорее переходите к тесту, нужно закрепить изученное.
END OF THE GUIDE
Don’t relax just yet — graded assignments are coming up.
Go ahead and move on to the test; you need to reinforce what you’ve learned.
Go ahead and move on to the test; you need to reinforce what you’ve learned.
