10 мин
Listening
for details
for details
1 тема
2 заданий
10 min
Listening
for details
for details
1 topic
2 tasks
THE DEVIL’S IN THE DETAILS
Восприятие на слух a.k.a. «аудирование» — довольно комплексная штука, где общий смысл и отдельные слова прочно связаны друг с другом.
В контексте мы обычно знаем, чего ожидать, и сами додумываем, как интерпретировать услышанное, и поэтому часто не обращаем внимания на лишние детали. На практике это называется «примерно понял».
В контексте мы обычно знаем, чего ожидать, и сами додумываем, как интерпретировать услышанное, и поэтому часто не обращаем внимания на лишние детали. На практике это называется «примерно понял».
THE DEVIL’S IN THE DETAILS
Listening comprehension is rather a complex thing where the overall meaning and separate words are closely entwined.
In the context, we normally know what to expect and tell ourselves how to interpret what we heard thus disregarding the details. In practice, it’s called 'practically understood'.
In the context, we normally know what to expect and tell ourselves how to interpret what we heard thus disregarding the details. In practice, it’s called 'practically understood'.
1.
2.
Иногда он употребляется для действий, только что закончившихся:
- I've been waiting for 2 hours!
Сразу к делу: основное его предназначение — для действий, начавшихся и продолжающихся до сих пор.
- We’ve been watching the entrance since morning.
1.
2.
It is sometimes used for actions that finished just now:
- I’ve been waiting for 2 hours!
Down to business: its main function is to express actions that already started and are still going on.
- We’ve been watching the entrance since morning
1.
Как образуется?
Очень похоже на перфект: have + been + Ving
Откуда берётся been + Ving?
1) Берём обычный перфект… have + V3
2) Вместо глагола в 3-й форме подставляем формулу Continuous: have + (be+Ving)3
3) Раскрываем скобки: have + been + Ving
4) Употребляем в обиходной речи:
Откуда берётся been + Ving?
1) Берём обычный перфект… have + V3
2) Вместо глагола в 3-й форме подставляем формулу Continuous: have + (be+Ving)3
3) Раскрываем скобки: have + been + Ving
4) Употребляем в обиходной речи:
- What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
- James has been teaching at the university since June.
- They have been talking for the last hour.
- The boys have been playing football for 30 minutes.
1.
How is it formed?
Very much like the perfect form: have + been + Ving
Where does been + Ving come from?
1) Take a regular perfect form… have + V3
2) Replace the past participle (V3) with the Continuous formula: have + (be+Ving)3
3) Open the brackets: have + been + Ving
4) Use it in your day-to-day speech:
Where does been + Ving come from?
1) Take a regular perfect form… have + V3
2) Replace the past participle (V3) with the Continuous formula: have + (be+Ving)3
3) Open the brackets: have + been + Ving
4) Use it in your day-to-day speech:
- What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
- James has been teaching at the university since June.
- They have been talking for the last hour.
- The boys have been playing football for 30 minutes.
1.
СО СТАТИВНЫМИ ГЛАГОЛАМИ
(теми, что не используются в Continuous):
…не употребляется.
Если действие началось и до сих пор длится, но выражается стативным глаголом (например, know или like) — форма -ING не нужна.
С ними употребляйте обычный перфект:
…не употребляется.
Если действие началось и до сих пор длится, но выражается стативным глаголом (например, know или like) — форма -ING не нужна.
С ними употребляйте обычный перфект:
- Since I can remember I’ve always wanted to be a gangster.
- I’ve known her for ten years.
- I have liked a guy for the past 7 years but we have barely talked.
NB!
Есть три глагола: work, live и feel. С ними можно что угодно:
- I've worked for them since 2007 = I have been working for them since 2007.
- They've lived here for 10 years = They've been living here for 10 years.
- She's felt unwell for a few days. = She's been feeling unwell for a few days.
1.
WITH STATIVE VERBS
(those that are not used in the Continuous)
…it's not used.
If the action started and is still going on, but is expressed by a stative verb (for instance, know or like) – you don't need the -ING form.
Use the regular perfect instead:
…it's not used.
If the action started and is still going on, but is expressed by a stative verb (for instance, know or like) – you don't need the -ING form.
Use the regular perfect instead:
- Since I can remember I’ve always wanted to be a gangster.
- I’ve known her for ten years.
- I have liked a guy for the past 7 years but we have barely talked.
NB!
There are three verbs: work, live и feel. Do whatever you like with them:
- I've worked for them since 2007 = I have been working for them since 2007.
- They've lived here for 10 years = They've been living here for 10 years.
- She's felt unwell for a few days. = She's been feeling unwell for a few days.
Как переводится на русский язык?
Настоящим временем (в случае, если действие ещё длится) либо прошедшим (если только закончилось):
- We’ve been watching the entrance since morning. —Мы наблюдаем за входом с утра.
- I’ve been waiting for 2 hours! — Я прождал два часа!
How do you translate it into Russian?
As a present form (if the action is still going on), or a past one (if it finished just now):
- We’ve been watching the entrance since morning. —Мы наблюдаем за входом с утра.
- I’ve been waiting for 2 hours! — Я прождал два часа!
Over to you!
NOW TEST YOURSELF
Present Perfect Continuous
Skylar is from Missouri. She _________ there all her life.
That's not quite right.
Spot-on!
Definitely not!
Yep!
My sister _____________ for me when I arrived.
No, the whole thing was in the past.
You must be kidding. Present Perfect is not used for past events.
No, but we won't tell anyone.
Exactly so!
'How long _______________ English?' 'Six months.'
Nope
Well done!
No.
Yes, you can use contractions in questions.
They ______________ at several houses before they found one they could afford to buy.
Yes, that's correct.
No, duration is not important here.
It's about the past.
Present Perfect is not used to refer to past events.
_________________ learning German. I have classes three times a week.
Right.
Make it sound like something new.
Not really, no.
No, that's wrong.
How many times _________________ abroad this year?
No, mind the word order as well.
Correct!
No need to indicate duration.
No, 'you' is used with have.
I _________________ for my mobile all morning but I still don't know where it is.
Wrong, sorry.
Come on, it's Present Perfect. Present Perfect Continuous, please.
There's no such form.
Yes.
How long _________________ Daisy?
Correct.
True. 'How long ago' = When.
No, that's a stative verb.
Makes no sense.
'What's wrong?' 'I _________________ my wallet. I can't find it anywhere.'
Yes, sir! Yes, madam!
No. Present Perfect, please.
No.
The form is correct but come on, it wasn't yesterday.
All the students _________________ their results at the beginning of May.
No need to complicate things.
No need for Present Perfect here.
You need the past tense.
Congratulations!
'How _________________ have you been studying Spanish?' 'Oh, about three years now.'
Quite right.
It's quite irrelevant.
Surely not.
Why much?
'What's that smell?' 'I _________________ my nails.'
You need to be more specific.
Fantastic!
We're talking about the present.
We're talking about the present, not the past.
Are you sure you've read the text above?
Do it over ASAP.
Not so bad.
But not so good either.
We are proud of you.
But there's still room for improvement.
Fabulous!
Keep it up!
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END OF THE GUIDE
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