AGENT | Mission 18: Causative

Выбор языка

45 мин

Каузатив:
HAVE / GET STH DONE

AGENT

1 тема

2 задания

Миссия 18

45 min

Causative:
HAVE / GET STH DONE

1 topic

2 tasks

AGENT

Mission 18

Для начала — 2 похожие фразы:

Поехали

a) I want to cut my hair.
b) I want to have my hair cut.

В первом случае вы берётесь за ножницы самостоятельно.
Во втором – идёте к парикмахеру, платите ему и он делает всё как надо.

Сегодня мы поговорим о том, когда что-то делают за нас. Это называется "каузатив".

2 similar phrases to start with:

Let's go

a) I want to cut my hair.
b) I want to have my hair cut.

In the first case, you grab your own scissors.
In the second, you go to the beauty shop, pay the hairdresser and (s)he does that properly.

Today we’ll talk about people doing things for us or to us.
It’s called the Causative.

КАК ОБРАЗУЕТСЯ?

HAVE/GET + STH + V₃

Что означают эти элементы?

HAVE – иметь
STH (SOMETHING) – что-то
V₃ – третья форма глагола, т. е. причастие прошедшего времени. Буквально – "сделанный".

played – сыгранный;
painted – нарисованный / покрашенный;
said – сказанный.

Таким образом, дословно конструкция означает "иметь что-то сделанным".

Вместо HAVE в этой конструкции в неформальной обстановке можно использовать и GET. Значение при этом не изменится.

I need to have my hair cut.
I need to get my hair cut.

HOW IS IT FORMED?

HAVE/GET + STH + V₃

V₃ here represents the Past Participle, a form you find in the third column of a table with irregular verbs.

With regular verbs, just add -ed to form it:

played
painted
finished

In informal settings, you can use GET instead of HAVE. The meaning will remain the same.

I need to have my hair cut.
I need to get my hair cut.

Примерный русский аналог — «мне сделали что-то».

Сравните:

I want to cut my hair. — Я хочу подстричь волосы.
I want to have/get my hair cut. — Я хочу, чтобы мне подстригли волосы.

Конструкция может использоваться для выражения как положительного, так и отрицательного результата:

Обратите внимание, что иногда только контекст поможет понять, что хотел сказать автор:

They had their fence pulled down. (они наняли кого-то, чтобы снести забор, либо забор сломали без спроса — например, хулиганы)

КОГДА ИСПОЛЬЗУЕТСЯ?

She has/gets her room redecorated every year. (ей делают ремонт)

We’re having/getting a new air conditioning system installed. (нам устанавливают систему)

They will have/get their car repaired as quickly as they can. (им отремонтируют машину)

–

John had/got all of his money stolen from his hotel room. (у Джона украли деньги)

We had/got our fence damaged. (нам повредили забор)

I had/got my nose broken playing rugby. (мне сломали нос)

When they do something for you or to you.

I want to cut my hair. — I want to cut my own hair, by myself.
I want to have/get my hair cut. — I want someone to cut my hair for me.

This structure works to indicate both positive and negative outcomes:

Note that sometimes only the context will reveal the intended meaning. Consider this:

They had their fence pulled down. (either they employed somebody to pull it down or it was pulled down without them planning it, e.g. by vandals)

WHEN IS IT USED?

She has/gets her room redecorated every year. (she pays someone to do that)

We're having/getting a new air conditioning system installed. (we're paying someone for their services)

They will have/get their car repaired as quickly as they can. (they will have to pay)

–

John had/got all of his money stolen from his hotel room. (someone did it to John)

We had/got our fence damaged. (they did it to us)

I had/got my nose broken playing rugby. (they did it to me)

КАК ИЗМЕНЯЕТСЯ ПО ВРЕМЕНАМ?

Просто поставьте глагол have/get в нужную форму.
Причастие (V₃) смыслового глагола изменять не нужно.

She is going to have her hair dyed. (going to)
She has her hair dyed once a month. (Present Simple)
She is having her hair dyed today. (Present Continuous)
She had her hair dyed two weeks ago. (Past Simple)
She has just had her hair dyed. (Present Perfect)
She had had her boobs done before she had her hair dyed. (Past Perfect)

She is going to get her hair dyed. (going to)
She gets her hair dyed once a month. (Present Simple)
She is getting her hair dyed today. (Present Continuous)
She got her hair dyed two weeks ago. (Past Simple)
She has just got her hair dyed. (Present Perfect)
She had got her boobs done before she got her hair dyed. (Past Perfect)

HOW DO I USE IT IN DIFFERENT TENSES?

Just put have/get in the required form. You don’t have to do anything about the Past Participle (V₃) of the main verb.

She is going to have her hair dyed. (going to)
She has her hair dyed once a month. (Present Simple)
She is having her hair dyed today. (Present Continuous)
She had her hair dyed two weeks ago. (Past Simple)
She has just had her hair dyed. (Present Perfect)
She had had her boobs done before she had her hair dyed. (Past Perfect)

She is going to get her hair dyed. (going to)
She gets her hair dyed once a month. (Present Simple)
She is getting her hair dyed today. (Present Continuous)
She got her hair dyed two weeks ago. (Past Simple)
She has just got her hair dyed. (Present Perfect)
She had got her boobs done before she got her hair dyed. (Past Perfect)