10 мин
Conditionals
1 тема
2 заданий
10 min
Conditionals
1 topic
2 tasks
Предложения с условиями
Ими удобно пользоваться, когда нужно рассказать, что случится (случилось бы), если…
1. Условные предложения всегда состоят из двух частей.
2. Одна из них выражает условие:
… if he doesn’t call tomorrow…
… When I die …
В другой говорится о том, что произойдёт / произошло бы при этом самом условии:
… I’ll murder him.
… I will leave all my money to charity.
Обе части можно менять местами на ваш вкус.
- «Вот получу наследство — сразу же уволюсь!»
- «Если б я не оглох — сейчас бы пел в хоре!»
1. Условные предложения всегда состоят из двух частей.
- I’ll murder him ✕ if he doesn’t call tomorrow.
- When I die, ✕ I will leave all my money to charity.
2. Одна из них выражает условие:
… if he doesn’t call tomorrow…
… When I die …
В другой говорится о том, что произойдёт / произошло бы при этом самом условии:
… I’ll murder him.
… I will leave all my money to charity.
Обе части можно менять местами на ваш вкус.
Сonditional sentences
They come in handy when you need to say what will or would happen if...
1. Conditional sentences are always comprised of two parts.
2. One of them expresses the condition:
... if he doesn't call tomorrow...
... When I die ...
The other says what will or would happen if the condition is met:
... I'll murder him.
... I will leave all my money to charity.
The two parts can change places if you need them to.
- "As soon as I've gotten my part of the inheritance, I'll quit at once!"
- "If I hadn't gone deaf, I'd be singing in a choir now!"
1. Conditional sentences are always comprised of two parts.
- I'll murder him ✕ if he doesn't call tomorrow.
- When I die, ✕ I will leave all my money to charity.
2. One of them expresses the condition:
... if he doesn't call tomorrow...
... When I die ...
The other says what will or would happen if the condition is met:
... I'll murder him.
... I will leave all my money to charity.
The two parts can change places if you need them to.
1.
Условные предложения удобнее всего разделить на 3 типа.
С первым типом вы уже знакомы по недавней миссии! Он — про будущее.
С первым типом вы уже знакомы по недавней миссии! Он — про будущее.
СONDITIONAL 1 (FUTURE)
If + Present ✕ Future
If + Present ✕ Future
- If you BEHAVE yourself, I WILL take you to the zoo.(Если ты будешь хорошо себя вести, я возьму тебя в зоопарк).
- If you don’t BEHAVE yourself, I WILL not take you to the zoo.
- When I SEE Sam, I WILL beat the shit out of him.
Верно: это тот самый тип, где ставить WILL в условной части, т. е. после if (или when), не нужно. Даже несмотря на то, что речь о будущем.
*А если вы всё-таки скажете «When I will see Sam» — получится нечто вроде «Когда я соизволю повидать…»
Нужен ли вам такой оттенок значения? Чаще всего нет.
1.
Conditionals can be conveniently divided into 3 types.
You are already familiar with the first type from a recent mission. That one is about the future.
You are already familiar with the first type from a recent mission. That one is about the future.
СONDITIONAL 1 (FUTURE)
If + Present ✕ Future
If + Present ✕ Future
- If you BEHAVE yourself, I WILL take you to the zoo.
- If you don’t BEHAVE yourself, I WILL not take you to the zoo.
- When I SEE Sam, I WILL beat the shit out of him.
Exactly: it’s the conditional type in which you don’t need to put WILL in the if/when part.
Even though it’s about the future.
*If you do say "When I will see Sam", that will mean something like "When I am willing to see…"
Do you need that shade of meaning? Not that often.
2.
Второй тип условных — про настоящее. Которое могло бы быть другим — если бы да кабы:
- If I WERE* a billionaire, I WOULD buy a castle. (Если бы я был миллиардером, я бы купил замок).
*Вам не показалось. В условных и сослагательных предложениях WERE можно использовать даже с единственным числом.
- Even if I KNEW her name, I WOULD not tell you.
- If you BEHAVED yourself, I WOULD TAKE you to the zoo now. (Если бы ты вёл себя хорошо, я бы сейчас отвёз тебя в зоопарк).
Все эти предложения – про альтернативное настоящее. "Если бы я был султан..." и пр.
Это далеко не всегда связано с несбыточными мечтаниями. Просто – "если бы":
- If he WASN'T / WEREN'T Russian, he WOULD need to learn Cyrillic.
А иногда это просто вежливая просьба:
- I WOULD be very grateful if you COULD just shut up.
СONDITIONAL 2 (PRESENT)
If+Past ✕ Would
If+Past ✕ Would
2.
The second type refers to the present.
Which could possibly be different, but it's not:
Which could possibly be different, but it's not:
- If I WERE* a billionaire, I WOULD buy a castle.
*You aren’t seeing things. In conditionals, WERE can be used even with a singular subject.
- Even if I KNEW her name, I WOULD not tell you.
- If you BEHAVED yourself, I WOULD TAKE you to the zoo now.
All of these sentences are about an alternative present. "If wishes were horses…" and so on.
It’s not necessarily purely wishful thinking. A mere "if":
- If he WASN’T / WEREN’T Russian, he WOULD need to learn Cyrillic.
Sometimes, it is just a polite request:
- I WOULD be very grateful if you COULD just shut up.
СONDITIONAL 2 (PRESENT)
If+Past ✕ Would
If+Past ✕ Would
3.
И третий тип условных – о прошедшем.
О том, чего уже не изменить.
О том, чего уже не изменить.
- If you HAD BOUGHT that goddam lottery ticket, we WOULD HAVE WON a fortune. (Если бы ты купил тот лотерейный билет, мы бы озолотились).
- If Lady Diana HAD WORN a seatbelt, she WOULD HAVE survived.
Это не всегда сожаления.
Иногда – наоборот: "фух, пронесло!" или "как здорово, что...":
- I WOULD not HAVE PASSED the exam if I HAD PICKED a different question.
- If you HADN'T ACCEPTED the job, we WOULD not HAVE MOVED to Auckland.
СONDITIONAL 3 (PAST)
If+Past Perfect ✕ Would have V3
If+Past Perfect ✕ Would have V3
Nb!
1) Не нужно использовать WILL/WOULD в условной части предложения (там, где WHEN или IF).
Вам будет очень хотеться влепить этот WILL — но постарайтесь удержаться:
2) Второй и третий типы переводятся на русский язык одинаково.
3) Все типы производятся один из другого. (1 → 2 → 3)
Достаточно сделать глагольную форму «более прошедшей»:
То есть опустить её «глубже» в прошедшее время.
А самое удобное — что можно комбинировать куски из разных типов кондишнлов:
Вам будет очень хотеться влепить этот WILL — но постарайтесь удержаться:
When I will goWhen I goIf I would goIf I went
2) Второй и третий типы переводятся на русский язык одинаково.
3) Все типы производятся один из другого. (1 → 2 → 3)
Достаточно сделать глагольную форму «более прошедшей»:
- If you behave yourself, I will take you to the zoo.
- If you behaved (2) yourself, I would take you to the zoo now.
- If you had behaved (3) yourself yesterday, I would have taken you to the zoo.
То есть опустить её «глубже» в прошедшее время.
А самое удобное — что можно комбинировать куски из разных типов кондишнлов:
Это называется Mixed Conditional (смешанный тип).
6.
И Present Simple, и Present Continuous (как и русское настоящее) может указывать на будущее.
Present Simple указывает на расписание:
Present Continuous указывает на личные планы:
Present Simple указывает на расписание:
- The film starts at 7. — Фильм начинается в 7.
Present Continuous указывает на личные планы:
- He’s visiting his grandma tomorrow. — Завтра он навещает бабушку.
6.
Both the Present Simple, and the Present Continuous (like the Russian Present tense) may refer to the future.
Present Simple indicates a timetable:
Present Continuous indicates one's personal plans:
Present Simple indicates a timetable:
- The film starts at 7.
Present Continuous indicates one's personal plans:
- He's visiting his grandma tomorrow.
Over to you!
NOW TEST YOURSELF
Present Simple VS Present Continuous
What ___ you reading?
Think again.
Spot-on!
Oops!
Seriously?
We ___ not really like them.
We won't tell anyone.
= We are not similar to them. Exactly.
Precisely! And they don't like us.
You're kidding, right?
She ___ not know any languages.
Don't be silly.
"DOESN'T NOT"? Is that what you mean?
Add -S, please.
Well done!
Why ___ everyone smiling? Your fly's undone!
Absolutely! Have yourself some cake.
Wrong. Everyone is called everyONE for a reason.
No, 'do' does not agree with 'smiling'.
Uh oh. 'Smiling', Carl!
____ your father know any popular songs?
Of course not. There's no ING.
Not really, no.
Does 'third person singular' mean anything to you?
Oh yes, he does!
They __________ a letter.
There's no E in 'writing'.
Correct!
Yes!
You don't need a double 't'.
Does he ever _________ in the shower?
Fair enough.
Come on, it's Present Simple. Where does the ING come from?
There's no such form. But looks cool, doesn't it?
No, you've already got an 's' in 'does'.
Why ______________ at me?
What tense is that supposed to be?
What tense is that supposed to be?
Warm, but not quite there yet.
Relax, no one is looking at you.
What __________________?
Aye, my lord! Aye, my lady!
That's right, you can contract the auxiliary.
Plural.
That sounds like 'what are their jobs?' Also, you don't need another question mark.
This soup _____________ too much salt.
No, that's a stative verb.
A stative verb.
Congratulations!
Come on, it's not even a verb.
They _______________ in France.
Quite right, temporarily.
Yes, permanently.
Sure. But they're planning to move somewhere else.
True. They're living in Russia instead.
Which one(s) is/are wrong?
It's probably wrong to be smelling your feet but grammatically it's fine.
No, this one is fine. A stative verb.
Another stative verb.
You bet! It smells funny, it really does.
Are you sure you've read the text above?
Do it over ASAP.
Not so bad.
But not so good either.
We are proud of you.
But there's still room for improvement.
Fabulous!
Keep it up!
Конец справки
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END OF THE GUIDE
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